The Flag of Indonesia is a simple bicolour with two equal horizontal bands, red (top) and white (bottom) with an overall ratio of 2:3.[1] It was introduced and hoisted in public at the Indonesian Independence declaration ceremony on 17 August 1945 and Independence from the Netherlands on 17 August 1950. The design of the flag has remained the same ever since. The flag is similar to the flag of Poland and flag of Singapore. The flag is identical to the flag of Hesse (a German state) and the flag of Monaco, excluding the ratio. Red represents courage, while white represents purity of intent. The flags colours represent blood (red) and sprit (white). The Naval Jack of Indonesia is reserved for sole use by the Indonesian Navy. It flies from every active Indonesian war ship mast.[2] The design of the jack is described as nine alternating stripes of red and white. It is nicknamed Ular-ular Perang (War Pennant or literally "War Snakes"), probably due to the stripes' design. The naval jack dates to the age of Majapahit Empire. The Majapahit Empire, which was renowned for its great maritime strength, used to fly similar jacks on its vessels.[3]

The flag of East Timor (Portuguese: Bandeira de Timor-Leste) was adopted in 2002. It is the same as the flag adopted when the country first declared independence from Portugal in 1975, nine days before being occupied by Indonesia.[1] At midnight on 19 May 2002, and during the first moments of Independence Day the next day, the United Nations flag was lowered and the flag of an independent East Timor was raised. Flag on a boat off Dili As per the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, the yellow (PMS 123) triangle represents "the traces of colonialism in East Timor's history". The black triangle represents "the obscurantism that needs to be overcome"; the red (PMS 485) base of the flag represents "the struggle for national liberation"; the star, or "the light that guides", is white to represent peace.

The flag of East Timor (Portuguese: Bandeira de Timor-Leste) was adopted in 2002. It is the same as the flag adopted when the country first declared independence from Portugal in 1975, nine days before being occupied by Indonesia.[1] At midnight on 19 May 2002, and during the first moments of Independence Day the next day, the United Nations flag was lowered and the flag of an independent East Timor was raised. Flag on a boat off Dili As per the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, the yellow (PMS 123) triangle represents "the traces of colonialism in East Timor's history". The black triangle represents "the obscurantism that needs to be overcome"; the red (PMS 485) base of the flag represents "the struggle for national liberation"; the star, or "the light that guides", is white to represent peace.

The national flag of Japan is a white rectangular flag with a large red disc (representing the sun) in the center. This flag is officially called Nisshōki (日章旗?, "sun-mark flag") in Japanese, but is more commonly known as Hinomaru (日の丸?, "circle of the sun"). The Nisshōki flag is designated as the national flag in the Law Regarding the National Flag and National Anthem, which was promulgated and became effective on August 13, 1999. Although no earlier legislation had specified a national flag, the sun-disc flag had already become the de facto national flag of Japan. Two proclamations issued in 1870 by the Daijō-kan, the governmental body of the early Meiji Era, each had a provision for a design of the national flag. A sun-disc flag was adopted as the national flag for merchant ships under Proclamation No. 57 of Meiji 3 (issued on February 27, 1870), and as the national flag used by the Navy under Proclamation No. 651 of Meiji 3 (issued on October 27, 1870). Use of the Hinomaru was severely restricted during the early years of the American occupation after World War II; these restrictions were later relaxed. In early Japanese history, the Hinomaru motif was used on flags of daimyos and samurai. The ancient history Shoku Nihongi says that Emperor Mommu used a flag representing the sun in his court in 701, and this is the first recorded use of a sun-motif flag in Japan. The oldest existing flag is preserved in Unpō-ji temple, Kōshū, Yamanashi, which is older than the 16th century, and an ancient legend says that the flag was given to the temple by Emperor Go-Reizei in the 11th century.[4][5][6] During the Meiji Restoration, both the sun disc and the Rising Sun Ensign of the Imperial Japanese Navy became major symbols in the emerging Japanese empire. Propaganda posters, textbooks, and films depicted the flag as a source of pride and patriotism. In Japanese homes, citizens were required to display the flag during national holidays, celebrations and other occasions as decreed by the government. Different tokens of devotion to Japan and its emperor featuring the Hinomaru motif became popular during the Second Sino-Japanese War and other conflicts. These tokens ranged from slogans written on the flag to clothing items and dishes that resembled the flag.

The national flag of Cambodia (Khmer: ទង់ជាតិកម្ពុជា Tung-Cheat, "National flag") in its present form was originally adopted in 1948 and readopted in 1993, after elections restored the monarchy. Since around 1850, the Cambodian flag has featured a depiction of Angkor Wat in the center. The current flag, with a blue border and red central (the stripes are in the ratio 1:2:1) was adopted following Cambodia's independence in 1948. It was used until October 9, 1970, when a new flag was introduced for Lon Nol's Khmer Republic that lasted until the takeover of the Khmer Rouge in 1975. The subsequent state of Democratic Kampuchea, which existed from 1975 to 1979, used a red flag with a three-towered Angkor Wat design retained in yellow. The People's Republic of Kampuchea was established in 1979, after the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia. The Kampuchean National United Front for National Salvation (FUNSK) revived the flag adopted by the Khmer Issarak in the days of anti-French resistance for the new state. This flag had the same color pattern as the DK flag, but with a yellow five-towered Angkor Wat silhouette. When the PRK renamed itself as "State of Cambodia" (SOC) in 1989, the flag's lower half became blue. The UNTAC flag was used during the 1992-1993 transitional period along with the flag of the SOC within Cambodia. In 1993, the 1948 Cambodian flag was readopted. The current Cambodian flag, together with that of Afghanistan, hold the distinction of being the only two flags in the world to feature a building in their design. Red and blue are traditional colors of Cambodia. The flag used today is the same as that established in 1948, although since then 5 other designs have been used. Almost all made use of the image of the temple of Angkor Wat in one form or another. This famous temple site, which dates from the 12th century, was built by the Mahidharapura monarchs. It has 5 towers, but these were not always all depicted in the stylised version used on flags. The monarchy was restored in September 1993, the 1948 flag having been readopted in June of that year.

The current flag of Kazakhstan or Kazakh flag (Kazakh: Қазақстан туы Qazaqstan twı) was adopted on 4 June 1992, replacing the flag of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. The flag was designed by Shaken Niyazbekov.

The flag of Kyrgyzstan was adopted on 3 March 1992 by the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan.[1] It consists of a red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 uniformly spaced rays. In the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the tündük (Kyrgyz: түндүк [tyndyk]), or crown of the traditional Kyrgyz yurt, a symbol also on the national emblem and replicated in many facets of Kyrgyz architecture. The red background of the flag symbolizes bravery and valor, the sun represents peace and wealth, and the tunduk signifies the family home or, by extension, the universe.[1] According to popular interpretations,[2] the sun's 40 rays represent the 40 Kyrgyz tribes unified against the Mongols by the epic hero Manas.

The Flag of Kurdistan (Kurdish: Alay Kurdistan or Alaya Kurdistanê, ئاڵای کوردستان, also called Alaya Rengîn "The Colorful Flag") first appeared during the movement for Kurdish independence from the Ottoman Empire. Consisting of a tricolor of red, white, and green horizontal bands with a yellow sun disk of 21 rays at its center, it is currently the official flag of the autonomous Kurdistan Region in Iraq, which is under the control of the Kurdistan Regional Government. This flag is banned in Iran, Turkey and Syria[2] The flag resembles an earlier version created by the Xoybûn (Khoyboon) organization, active in the Ararat rebellion of 1930,[2] and flown by the break-away Republic of Ararat during the period 1927-1931. The current flag appeared then again in 1932 and it was the cover of the kurdish magazine Hawar by Celadet Ali Bedirxan one of the founders of Xoybun. " Ala kurdan, ji jor ber bi jêr ve, ser hev, sor, sipî û qesq e, di nava wê de roj diçirise" the kurdish flag is red, white and green with a sun in the middle that's how Celadet Ali Bedirxan described the flag.[3][4] A similar flag was later used by the Soviet-backed Kurdish Republic known as the Republic of Mahabad in 1946. The main characteristic of the flag is the blazing golden sun emblem (called a Roj) at its center. The emblem's sun disk has 21 rays, equal in size and shape. 21 is a venerated number, standing for rebirth/renaissance in the ancient and native Kurdish religion of Yazdanism and its modern offshoots, Yezidism, Yarsanism, and Alevism.